Geo’s tunnel module gives users total control of the tunnel. It provides unlimited opportunities to control tunnels of all shapes. Users can easily design theoretical tunnels by using the module’s graphical and numerical tools. Tunnel sections, with a road line and a profile, create a total description of a tunnel in three dimensions. Users can connect an optional number of theoretical tunnel sections with or without interpolation.
Volume calculation of a theoretical tunnel can use an optional offset and can be limited laterally and vertically. The resulting volume report and the drawing functions create a detailed report and enable full control of the tunnel. For a quick check of crucial parts, users can directly display a measured tunnel and compare it with a theoretical tunnel by displaying sections, offsets, and distances to the theoretical tunnel.
For tunnel surveying, consider using the GeoPad field computer with a servo instrument from Leica or Trimble-Geodimeter, which is supplied with prismless distance determination. The GeoPad enables tunnel measuring in all dimensions; users can specify optional intervals between surveyed sections and optional intervals along a section. The GeoPad supports functions for tunnel scanning.
Editing tunnels
In Geo, a tbs file describes a tunnel. The tbs file includes all components necessary for describing a tunnel, e.g., road line, profile, model data and theoretical tunnel sections, and all relations between components. Users edit the tunnel description file in a multi-view window:
- Tbs tree view, which lets users survey all components. This view is useful during the input process and during tunnel-description editing. The tree view displays all components and all relations between components.
- Graphic view, which is divided into views that display plane, profile or cross-section data, 3D graphics, theoretical tunnel sections, and tunnel difference models.
- Data view, which is located below the tree view and the graphical view. The data view displays a numerical representation of any selected object from the tree view.
Tbs tree view
The tree view displays all components and relations in the tunnel description file. Users manage the entire tunnel calculation from this tree. They can click on any object in the tree to activate the tunnel-description editing function. And from the tree view, they can select what should be visualized in the graphical window.
The graphic view
Users click in the graphical view to activate the graphical tools; here, users can edit data in the same way as in an ordinary graphical view.
When users open a tunnel calculation file (tbs file), all files in the tunnel calculation (that can be displayed graphically) are automatically linked to the graphical view. This enables users to change active documents and edit data in the graphics—in the same manner as in other graphical views.
By right-clicking the tree and selecting the desired orientation from the menu, users can display these orientation views:
- Plane view, which displays a plane view of the tunnel.
- Profile view, which displays a profile view of the tunnel.
- Cross section view, , which displays a cross-section view of the current longitudinal section.
The 3D graphics view
The tbs window’s graphical view contains a Graphics 3D tab. Users select the tab to display the entire mass calculation in a three-dimensional view.
Theoretical tunnel section view
All theoretical tunnel sections in the tbs file are graphically displayed in this view.
Note: A created difference model is based on the theoretical tunnel’s structure. If something is changed in the tun file, then the model must be recreated.
Tunnel difference model view
Users can display tunnel difference models in this view. The model’s orientation is a plane view in which longitudinal sections are displayed vertically and dimensions along the tunnel walls are displayed horizontally in the window.
Tunnel calculation
Users select Data | Calculate Tunnel... to run a volume calculation. A dialogue displays possible options for the calculation.
At the top of the dialogue above, users can temporarily specify optional sections for the calculation—rather than the proposed sections.
Click in the appropriate boxes to create cross-sections or volume reports. The generated cross-sections are well suited for display in a drawing or for other visual inspections. Users can select an optional number of boxes—depending on desired information on areas and volumes.
Possible report fields are:
- Theoretical and measured volume.
- Volume outside and inside a theoretical tunnel.
- Theoretical and measured surface.
Users can also display calculated volumes that are limited by a specified height. To set these limitations, users select:Data | Options from the tbs file.
If several models are used (user1 and user2), then users can display those volumes and areas in the report.
Generated cross-sections are displayed in a sec file, and the report is displayed in a rep file.
Displaying tunnels
Users can easily create a cross-section drawing of a tunnel by displaying the sec file—the file that contains calculated cross-sections.
To set optional graphical parameters:
- Open a tbs file (tunnel description) or a sec file (calculated cross-section).
- Select View | Document Properties.
- Select the tunnel tab.
Users can display perpendicular distances between the rock and the theoretical tunnel. Rock overcut is displayed outside the contour of the rock and undercut is displayed below.
Other functions
The tunnel module includes other calculation options such as area calculation of a theoretical tunnel surface, calculation of points in relation to a tunnel, tunnel contours, and calculation of grout holes.
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